|
}} |image = Hu Jintao Cannes2011.jpg |office = General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China |term_start = 15 November 2002 |term_end = 15 November 2012 |predecessor = Jiang Zemin |successor = Xi Jinping |office1 = President of the People's Republic of China |premier1 = Wen Jiabao |vicepresident1 = Zeng Qinghong (2003–2008) Xi Jinping (2008–2013) |term_start1 = 15 March 2003 |term_end1 = 14 March 2013 |predecessor1 = Jiang Zemin |successor1 = Xi Jinping |office2 = Chairman of the Central Military Commission |deputy2 = Xi Jinping Guo Boxiong Xu Caihou |term_start2 = State Commission: 13 March 2005 |term_end2 = 14 March 2013 Party Commission: 19 September 2004 – 15 November 2012 |predecessor2 = Jiang Zemin |successor2 = Xi Jinping |birth_date = |birth_place = Taizhou, Jiangsu, China |death_date = |death_place = |party = Communist Party of China |spouse = Liu Yongqing |profession = Hydraulic engineer |children = Hu Haifeng Hu Haiqing |residence = Zhongnanhai (former) |alma_mater = Tsinghua University |signature = Hu Jintao Sign.svg |footnotes = ---- }} Hu Jintao ((中国語:胡锦涛) , pronounced ; born 21 December 1942) was the paramount leader of China between 2002 and 2012.〔"Paramount leader" is not a formal title; it is a reference occasionally used by media outlets and scholars to refer to the foremost political leader in China at a given time. There is no consensus on when Hu became the paramount leader, or when his term ended. Hu became General Secretary in 2002, held the "trio" of top offices in the party, state, and military - General Secretary, President, and Military Commission Chairman - by 2004, and relinquished all three positions by 2013 to his successor.〕 He held the offices of General Secretary of the Communist Party from 2002 to 2012, President of the People's Republic from 2003 to 2013 and Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 2004 to 2012. He was a member of the 14th to 17th CPC Politburo Standing Committee, China's de facto top decision-making body. Hu participated in the Communist party bureaucracy for most of his career, notably as Party secretary for Guizhou province and the Tibet Autonomous Region, and then later First secretary of the Central Secretariat and Vice-President under former leader Jiang Zemin. Hu is the first leader of the Communist Party without any significant revolutionary credentials. As such, his rise to the leadership represented China's transition of leadership from establishment communists to younger, more pragmatic technocrats. During his term in office, Hu reintroduced state control in some sectors of the economy that were relaxed by the previous administration, and was conservative with political reforms. Along with his colleague Premier Wen Jiabao, Hu presided over nearly a decade of consistent economic growth and development that cemented China as a major world power. He sought to improve socio-economic equality domestically through the Scientific Development Concept, which aimed to build a "Harmonious Socialist Society" that was prosperous and free of social conflict.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kuhn, Robert Lawrence: Hu's Political Philosophies )〕 Meanwhile, Hu followed conservative policies on China politically, cracking down on social disturbances, ethnic minority protests, and dissident figures. On foreign policy, Hu advocated for "China's peaceful development", pursuing soft power in international relations and a corporate approach to diplomacy. Through Hu's tenure, China's influence in Africa, Latin America, and other developing regions increased.〔(World Savvy Monitor: China and the World - A foreign policy overview )〕 Hu possessed a low-key and reserved leadership style. His tenure was characterized by collective leadership and consensus-based rule. These traits made Hu a rather unknown figure in the public eye, embodying the focus in Chinese politics on technocratic competence rather than persona. Hu retired in 2013. He was succeeded by Xi Jinping. ==Early life== Hu Jintao was born on 21 December 1942 in Taizhou, Jiangsu province. His branch of the family migrated from Jixi County, Anhui to Taizhou during his grandfather's generation. Though his father owned a small tea trading business in Taizhou, the family was relatively poor. His mother was a teacher and died when he was 7, and he was raised by an aunt. Hu's father was denounced during the Cultural Revolution, an event that (together with his relatively humble origins) apparently had a deep effect upon Hu, who diligently tried to clear his father's name. He joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in April 1964 and began to work as an engineer in July 1965 after he graduated from the Water Conservancy Engineering Department of Tsinghua University, where he had a major in the study of hub hydropower stations.〔http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/data/people/hujintao.shtml〕 During his time at Tsinghua, Hu met his wife Liu Yongqing. In 1968, Hu volunteered for his service in Gansu and worked on the construction of Liujiaxia Hydroelectric Station〔"临夏旅游" (Linxia Tourism), published by Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture Tourist Board, 2003. 146 pages. No ISBN. Pages 26-27.〕 while also managing Party affairs for the local branch of the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power. From 1969 to 1974, Hu worked for Sinohydro Engineering Bureau, as an engineer. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hu Jintao」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|